If you’ve ever typed show ip bgp summary and noticed your BGP neighbor sitting in Active or Connect, you might have wondered: “Why does BGP go through so many steps before finally exchanging routes?” You’re not alone — almost every network engineer has stared at these states at some point and scratched their head.The truth … Read more
At the heart of IPsec and IKE lies a powerful concept — the Security Association (SA). In today’s digital world, secure communication over public networks like the internet is critical. Whether it’s a remote employee accessing a company VPN or two data centers syncing sensitive information, IPsec is often the technology behind the scenes providing … Read more
What Is IPsec? Let’s start with the basics.IPsec, or Internet Protocol Security, isn’t just one protocol — it’s a framework of protocols designed to secure communication over IP networks. In simpler words, IPsec is like a virtual bodyguard for your data — it ensures that whatever travels across the internet remains private, tamper-proof, and authentic. … Read more
When I first dived into learning IPsec, I’ll be honest—it felt like I was staring into a whirlwind of confusing terms.Tunnels, phases, protocols… everything seemed jumbled together, and nothing really clicked at first. But here’s what I figured out: IPsec isn’t just one protocol—it’s a powerful framework made up of several moving parts. Each piece … Read more
In our previous blog, we explored eBGP — its configuration and key operational rules. Now, let’s take it a step further as we dive into iBGP.iBGP, or Internal Border Gateway Protocol, is another flavor of BGP where both the local and remote routers belong to the same Autonomous System (AS). In this blog, we’ll break … Read more
In this walkthrough, we’ll take a closer look at how packets travel between two PCs located on different networks and communicate through a router — making it easy to understand the packet flow process step by step. In our previous blog, we explored how data travels between two PCs connected directly or through a switch. … Read more
In our previous blog, we explored how packets flow between two directly connected computers. If you haven’t checked it out yet, make sure to do so! Please click here to check the blog. Now, let’s take things one step further. What if we introduce a switch between the two computers? How does the traffic flow … Read more
A Beginner-Friendly Look into ARP, MAC, and IP Communication Have you ever tried connecting two PCs and checked how packet flows between two directly connected Computers/PC’s — especially when they don’t even know each other’s MAC address? Today, let’s explore that magic moment when PC1 pings PC2 and what happens under the hood — packet … Read more
If you’ve ever wondered what eBGP really is, how it works behind the scenes, and why it’s such a crucial piece of the Internet’s backbone — you’re in the right place. In this post, we’re going to break down: Whether you’re preparing for a job interview, studying for a certification, or just exploring advanced routing … Read more
Are you preparing for a BGP-focused network engineer interview?Whether you’re a fresher brushing up on the basics or an experienced engineer revising the key concepts — this guide is designed just for you. In this post, I’ve compiled 50 essential BGP interview questions, each answered in a concise, easy-to-understand format. The goal?To give you a … Read more