Learn BGP attributes and path selection in detail. Explore AS_PATH, LOCAL_PREF, MED, and more with examples, rules, and benefits for network optimization. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the routing protocol that holds the internet together. Unlike protocols such as OSPF or EIGRP, which rely on metrics like cost or hop count, BGP makes routing decisions … Read more
Understanding BGP Route Reflectors: Simplifying iBGP Full Mesh A detailed guide to BGP Route Reflectors—learn how they simplify iBGP full mesh, key reflection rules, configuration steps, loop prevention with Originator-ID and Cluster-ID, plus advantages and best practices for scalable and resilient network design. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the backbone of the internet, responsible … Read more
Learn how BGP Allowas-in helps overcome eBGP routing loop issues in MPLS VPNs and multi-homed networks. Step-by-step lab, configs, and troubleshooting included. The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the backbone of inter-domain communication, enabling autonomous systems (ASes) across the globe to exchange routing information. While BGP is robust and scalable, certain scenarios—especially in MPLS VPN … Read more
Learn how BGP AS-Override resolves routing issues when customer sites use the same AS number in MPLS VPNs. Step-by-step lab guide with configs and verification. In the last blog on BGP Loop Prevention, we deeply explored how the BGP routing protocol avoids routing loops using its AS Path attribute. (If you missed it, Click here … Read more
How BGP Prevents Loops in iBGP and eBGP: A Beginner-Friendly Guide with Scenarios When we talk about Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), we’re really talking about the glue that holds the internet together. BGP decides how traffic flows between massive networks called Autonomous Systems (AS). But here’s the catch: with so many routers exchanging routes, what … Read more
BGP Messages Explained: A Beginner-Friendly Guide If you’ve ever wondered “How does the internet know where to send my data?”, the answer is a protocol called BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Think of BGP as the GPS system of the internet. It helps your data find the best and most reliable path to its destination. But … Read more
If you’ve ever typed show ip bgp summary and noticed your BGP neighbor sitting in Active or Connect, you might have wondered: “Why does BGP go through so many steps before finally exchanging routes?” You’re not alone — almost every network engineer has stared at these states at some point and scratched their head.The truth … Read more
Learn the difference between IPsec Tunnel Mode and Transport Mode in simple terms. Understand how each mode works, when to use them, and why they matter for secure network communication. When it comes to securing data over the internet, IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) is one of the most trusted guardians in the networking world. It’s … Read more
At the heart of IPsec and IKE lies a powerful concept — the Security Association (SA). In today’s digital world, secure communication over public networks like the internet is critical. Whether it’s a remote employee accessing a company VPN or two data centers syncing sensitive information, IPsec is often the technology behind the scenes providing … Read more
In today’s world, where secure communication is essential — whether you’re connecting to a VPN at work or linking two sites over the internet — a behind-the-scenes hero makes it all possible: IKE, or Internet Key Exchange. This blog will break down what IKE is, how it evolved, how it works, and the technical details … Read more