STP

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Port States Explained in Simple Terms

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stp port states

When people first learn Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), they usually focus on concepts like Root Bridge, Root Port, and Designated Port. However, many network issues related to STP are actually caused by misunderstanding STP port states. STP port states define how and when a switch port is allowed to forward traffic.These states are the reason … Read more

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Explained – How Switching Loops Are Prevented

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stp

Switching Loops – When Redundancy Turns Dangerous In a switching network, redundancy is very common. We connect switches using multiple links so that if one link fails, traffic can still flow through another path. On paper, this looks like a strong and reliable design. However, at Layer 2, redundancy comes with a serious risk known … Read more